Synchronize Chrome Extensions state

How to use custom events to sync state between Chrome Extension instances

Monday, March 6, 2023

Introduction

This is a continuation of the previous article about creating a Chrome Extension using Svelte and Tailwind.

The problem

When an action is performed in one instance of the plugin, the data is not synced automatically. For example, if the user updates the count in one tab, the other tabs' content does not automatically react to changes.

Project setup

Clone the repo from the previous blog

The easiest way is to use degit.

Copy
1npx degit codegino/svelte-tailwind-chrome-plugin#02-options my-target-folder

Install dependencies and run the applicaiton

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123cd my-target-foldernpm installnpm run dev

Handling Event Communication

This article will focus on using custom events to allow plugin communication. Check the api documentation to learn more about handling other events.

To create our custom events, we can use the chrome.runtime API. The runtime API provides a way to send messages between different parts of the extension.

Here are the steps that we can follow when creating custom events:

1. Trigger an event (REQUIRED)
2. Add event listener (REQUIRED)
3. Handle the response from listeners
4. Handle connection error
5. Handle disconnection

1. Trigger an event

This step includes two changes. First, we need to change the function declaration to an async/await syntax so it will be easier to read later on. Second, we need to dispatch a message with some payload.

The payload could be anything. In this example, I added a type property to the payload to identify the event in the event listener.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
12345678-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17+18+19+20+21+22+23+24+25+26+27+28<script lang="ts">  export let count: number;  let message: string = null;
  const increment = () => (count += 1);  const decrement = () => (count -= 1);
  const handleSave = () => {    chrome.storage.sync.set({ count }).then(() => {      message = "Updated!";
      setTimeout(() => {        message = null;      }, 2000);    });  };  const handleSave = async () => {    await chrome.storage.sync.set({ count });    message = "Updated!";
    // This is the only different behavior    await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"});
    setTimeout(() => {      message = null;    }, 2000);  };</script>

2. Add an event listener

Since we are using Svelte, we can use the onMount hook to add the listener.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
12+3+4567+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+161718192021222324252627282930<script lang="ts">  import { onMount } from "svelte";
  export let count: number;  let message: string = null;
  onMount(() => {    chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(handleMessageEvent);  });
  function handleMessageEvent(request, _, sendResponse) {    if (request.type === "count_updated") {      count = request.count;    }  }
  const increment = () => (count += 1);  const decrement = () => (count -= 1);
  const handleSave = async () => {    await chrome.storage.sync.set({ count });    message = "Updated!";
    await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"});
    setTimeout(() => {      message = null;    }, 2000);  };</script>

After adding the listener, we can see that the count is updated in all tabs.

It is easy verify that it will also work in the popup because we are using the same component.

3. Handle the response from listeners

In the event handler, we can call a sendResponse function with the payload that we want to send back to the sender. In this example, I'm sending back the change in the count value.

The sendMessage function returns a promise. We can use the await keyword to get the response from the listener. In this example, I'm simply appending the response to the message;

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
123+456789101112-13+14+1516171819function handleMessageEvent(request, _, sendResponse) {  if (request.type === "count_updated") {    sendResponse({ message: `from ${count} to ${request.count}` });    count = request.count;  }}
const handleSave = async () => {  await chrome.storage.sync.set({ count });  message = "Updated!";
  await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"});  const res = await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"});  message += ` ${res.message}`;
  setTimeout(() => {    message = null;  }, 2000);};

The response is now at the end of the success message.

4. Handle connection error

In case we only have one instance of the plugin running, the sendMessage function will throw an error. Also, the success message Updated! will always be visible because the code to hide the message will not be reached.

We can handle the error by wrapping the sendMessage in a try/catch block.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
12345-6-7+8+9+10+11+12+13+1415161718const handleSave = async () => {    await chrome.storage.sync.set({ count });    message = "Updated!";
    const res = await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"});    message += ` ${res.message}`;    try {      const res = await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"});      message += ` ${res.message}`;    } catch (error) {      // Handle error here      console.log("TODO:", error);    }
    setTimeout(() => {      message = null;    }, 2000);  };

Side note: Handle connection error with callback

If you are using a callback for whatever reason, you need to explicitly check for the error.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
12345678910111213141516171819202122const handleSave = async () => {  await chrome.storage.sync.set({ count });  message = "Updated!";
  chrome.runtime.sendMessage({count, type: "count_updated"},    (res) => {      const lastError = chrome.runtime.lastError;
      // This conditional check is important to remove the error      if (lastError) {        // Handle error here        console.log("TODO:", lastError.message);        return;      }      message += ` ${res.message}`;    }  );
  setTimeout(() => {    message = null;  }, 2000);};

Now, the error is handled properly, and the code to hide the message continues to execute.

5. Unsubscribe from the listener

Sometimes, we need to free up resources. In this case, we can use the onDestroy hook to remove the listener.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
1234567import { onDestroy } from "svelte";
// Rest of the code...
onDestroy(() => {  chrome.runtime.onMessage.removeListener(handleMessageEvent);});

An alternative is to return a function from the onMount hook. This function will be called when the component is destroyed.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
12345+6+7+8+9// Rest of the code...
onMount(() => {  chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(handleMessageEvent);
  return () => {    chrome.runtime.onMessage.removeListener(handleMessageEvent);  };});

To simplify the demo of removing the listener, I'm removing the listener after 4 seconds the component is mounted.

src/components/Counter.svelteCopy
1234+5+6+7+89101112onMount(() => {  chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(handleMessageEvent);
  // For demo purposes only  setTimeout(() => {    chrome.runtime.onMessage.removeListener(handleMessageEvent);  }, 4000);
  return () => {    chrome.runtime.onMessage.removeListener(handleMessageEvent);  };});

The other tabs will stop listening count_changed event, and there will be an error because no one is listening.

Repository

Check the source code here

What's next

• [ ] Add a content script
• [ ] Add a background script
• [ ] Add a dev tools page
• [ ] Deploying the extension